"primus ingressus" ('first incoming') is with a camel, while the "secundus ingressus" ('second incoming') is with a white horse, probably meaning that entering the Carpathian Basin the first time was not a successful or was a culturally diverted act (as the camel is a "diverted" horse and white horse is the "pure quality"). The miniatures are using a lot of symbolism, i.e. It is a fact that all miniatures showing Attila the Hun are disrupted or even rubbed out (especially the last, showing Attila's death) this cannot be due to the time as all other miniatures and text are preserved well. Even the eyeballs are painted, which can only be checked through microscope. The characters are drawn with detail and with knowledge of anatomy. The artistic value of the miniatures are quite high, if we compare similar miniatures from Western Europe from the same time. Many miniatures seen inside this chronicle are painted with gold.
The 147 pictures of the chronicle are great source of information on medieval Hungarian cultural history, costume, and court life in the 14th century.
#THE CHRONICON PICTUM FULL#
Its full name is: Chronicon pictum, Marci de Kalt, Chronica de gestis Hungarorum, that is Illustrated Chronicle, Mark of Kalt's Chronicle About the Deeds of the Hungarians. The illuminated decoration of the manuscript was performed in the Kingdom of Hungary before 1360 and it provides knowledge of Hungarian life, historical traditions, and legends. It represents the international artistic style of the royal courts in the court of Louis I of Hungary. The country switched to the Latin alphabet under Stephen.The Chronicon Pictum (English: Illuminated Chronicle or Vienna Illuminated Chronicle, Hungarian: Képes Krónika also referred to as Chronica Hungarorum, Chronicon (Hungariae) Pictum, Chronica Picta or Chronica de Gestis Hungarorum) is a medieval illustrated chronicle from the Kingdom of Hungary from the fourteenth century. In the earliest times Hungarian language was written in a runic-like script. Foreign monks worked as teachers and introduced Western agricultural methods. Stephen donated land to support bishoprics and monasteries, required all persons except the clergy to marry, and barred marriages between Christians and pagans. Stephen ordered the people to pay tithes and required every tenth village to construct a church and support a priest. It also gave Stephen absolute power, which he used to strengthen the Roman Catholic Church and Hungary. The crowning legitimized Hungary as a Western kingdom independent of the Holy Roman and Byzantine empires. At his death, Stephen dedicated the country to the Virgin, whose ascension is also celebrated during this period, and hence She is the patron of Hungary. Ever since, this day is celebrated in Hungary as Saint Stephen’s Day. Important day in the History of Hungary. On this day in 1083, Stephen I, first king of Hungary (reigned 1000-1038), founder of the Hungarian state, was canonized and became the first Hungarian saint. Image: A miniature of the king from the Chronicon Pictum, 1360.Īugust 20.
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